Introduction To Philosophy 9, 10, 11 practice test
Discipline: Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology etc.)
Type of Paper: Question-Answer
Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Paper Format: APA
Pages: 1
Words: 275
Question
Introduction To Philosophy 9, 10, 11 practice test
Maintaining a hypothesis in the face of mounting negative evidence is... unreasonable
Science seeks to acquire knowledge and understanding of reality through the formula and evaluating of theories
Something is logically impossible if it violates a principle of logic
When
people cannot think of a natural explanation for an extraordinary
experience, they often conclude that the explanation must be paranormal
When scientists ask, if this hypothesis were true, what consequences would follow? they are trying to identify a test implication
The standards used to judge the worth of scientific theories are known as the criteria of adequacy
Evolution has yielded some novel predictions true
Hypotheses are created just as works of art are created
Generally, nonintervention studies cannot establish cause & effect relationships
The last step in the scientific method is to accept of reject the hypothesis true
Generally eyewitness testimony pertaining to paranormal phenomena is unreliable
Just because you can't think of a natural explanation doesn't mean there isn't one true
The art of cold reading can appear to be paranormal true
The theory that crop circles are made by extraterrestrial beings is not simple
Modus tollens represents the logic of hypothesis testing
Before applying the criteria of adequacy to a theory, we must make sure of it meets the minimum requirement of consistency
A theory with scope is one that explains or predicts phenomena other than which it was introduced to explain
Other things being equal, the best theory is the one that fits best with our established beliefs true
In
inference to the best explanation, we reason from premises about a
state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs true
Scientists always reject theories that conflict with their established beliefs false
A good strategy for evaluating theories to weigh the evidence for each theory, and with the most evidence wins false
If a theory is externally inconsistent, we have reason to believe that it is false
The
logical pattern for inference to the best explanation is (1) Phenomenon
Q. (2) E provides the best explanation for Q. Therefore (3) it is
probable that E is true true
The best theory is the eligible theory that meets the criteria of adequacy better than any of it's competitors Fruitfulness refers to the number of novel predictions made
A theory that fits with our established beliefs is conservative
A fruitful theory is one that makes novel predictions
Atheory that is internally consistent is free of contradictions
The main problem with most conspiracy theories is that they fail the criterion of simplicity
Ethical egoism is the view that moral judgements are relative to what each society believes false
The data that moral theories try to explain are
our considered moral judgements
An important criterion for judging our worldview is
internal consistency
Moral arguments differ from nonmoral ones in that their conclusions are moral statements true
According to the text, moral agents should strive to achieve a reflective equilibrium between facts and theory true
According
to the text, if the theories that make up our worldview are
inconsistent with one another, there is something wrong with our
worldview true
Cultural relativism says that an action is right if it
is approved by ones culture
One of three criteria for judging the worth of moral theories is consistency with
considered moral judgements
Both plausible scientific theories and plausible moral theories must be conservative true
A set of beliefs and theories that help us make sense of a wide range of issues in life is known as worldview
The view that moral statements are not statements at all is called emotivism
Moral judgements are usually justified by appeals to general moral principles
Good worldviews will, as a minimum requirement, consist of good theories true
The work of building a plausible worldview will always involve eliminating inconsistencies
In a standard moral argument, it is not possible to establish the conclusion without a moral premise
Both creationism and evolution are testable
Science is an ideology false
The conditional argument that expresses the logical pattern of disconfirming a hypothesis is called modus tollens
Subjective relativism implies that each person is
morally infallible
The moral fault theory of disease is untestable true
In inference to the best explanation, if an explanation is the best among competitors, then the argument is
inductively strong
If a theory predicts something other than what it was introduced to explain, it is testable?
